Avian Genetics¶
Overview: This section covers the scientific foundations of avian genetics — chromosome organization, the ZW sex-determination system, the CHD gene marker, and how DNA variation between species is measured and applied in diagnostic testing.
Core Articles¶
Avian Genetics Explained
How DNA determines bird characteristics: chromosome systems, ZW sex determination, and genetic variation between species.
Bird Sex Chromosomes: ZZ and ZW
The avian sex chromosome system in depth — why females are heterogametic and how this shapes inheritance.
CHD Gene in Sex Determination
The molecular mechanism of DNA sex testing: CHD-Z/CHD-W intron polymorphism, PCR workflow, and quality control.
Key Concepts¶
| Concept | Summary |
|---|---|
| ZW system | Females are ZW (heterogametic); males are ZZ — opposite of mammals |
| CHD gene | Chromo-Helicase-DNA binding gene; intron length differs between Z and W copies |
| DNA sexing | PCR-based test: one band = male, two bands = female |
| Bird karyotype | 2n = 78–80 with many microchromosomes |
| Genome size | ~1.0–1.5 Gb — one-third of mammalian genomes |
Related Sections¶
- Molecular Diagnostics — PCR and qPCR technology for bird DNA testing
- Research Database — CHD gene and STR marker reference data
- Glossary — key terms in avian genetics